Faults of Woven and Knit Fabric

Faults of woven model Bar It is a band running across the full largeness of cloth. Pick bar due ti deflection in pick spacing Tension-bar due to difference in weft tension Weft-bar due to difference in material count, twist etc Box marks The wees of box marks argon ill-gotten box Shuttle riding over the weft Dirty shuttle Dirty picking and ticks Broken pattern It occurs due to wrong drawing of threads insertion of thee pick, incorrect lifting of warp threads. Broken pick A pick missing of the fabric, due to rough shuttle eyes, poor winding and weft yarn breakage. Defective selvedge Curled selvedgeCut selvedges Loppy selvedges slake selvedges Pulled selvedge Tight selvedge unmatched selvedge Float stitches A place where warp and weft yarns escape the required interlacement. If occurs for improper warp confirmation motion. Fuzzy it occurs for the present of hairy and abraded yarns. Hang pick A pick which is out of line and is a triangular shape. Missing ends Gap of warp yarns i s the main(prenominal) causes Reed marks Due to this fault cloth shows irregular spacing between groups of warp yarns across the fabric width. Shuttle marks Width course marks due to abrasion of warp yarns by the shuttle. StainMajor problems on woven fabric Oil, Dust, Soil, Carbon particles in the air may cause stains. Uneven cloth It produced when take up motion is faulty, broken ratchet wheel is also responsible. Some mechanical faults Reed marks Shuttle degraded out Shuttle trapping Loom hanging Loom stopping Weft cutting Bumping Knitting Faults Holes Holes are the result of yarn breakage. It occurs for the following causes Uneven yarn Badly set of yarn feeder Knots, slubs etc in yarn Yarn tension is too high Yarn is too dry chuck stitches Those are the result of a defective needle. It also occurs when a yarn is not properly fed during stitch formation.Cloth fall out it is an part consisting of drop sitiches lying side by side. Snags It occurs when filament yarns are proces sing. It occurs for higher twist and lesser crimp elasticity. Double stitches These occur due to badly create from raw stuff or non-knitted loops. Vertical stripes It is observed as longitudinal gaps in the fabric. When the space between Wales is irregular it occurs. Horizontal stripes Horizontal stripes are caused by unevenness in the courses. Soil stripes Soil stripes can appear both in the direction of Wales as well as courses. Color fly Color fly consists of singe fibres, brunches of fibre of yarn pieces in varying colors.Distorted stitches Due to it if become unsettled fabric and fabric appearance is skitter. Write about BAN (Barium Activity Number) Barium activity Number = (? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by mercerised cotton material)/(? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by unmercerised cotton material) BAN is always greater than 100 Standard range of BAN 115 135 Highly mercerized range 140 150 assertable If BAN 115, Mercerization wille be uneven Write ablout Water Hardness Hardness is a term applied to water denoting a measurement of its PH and metallic element salt contest. Classification of water according to hard-foughtness DescriptionTotal hardness (Degree)Very soft 0 40 Soft 5 80 Shild 9-140 Fairly hard 15 -180 Hard 19 -300 Very hard 300 Determination of water hardness The following Reagents are required for hardness measermet Buffer resolving power EDTA (Ethelene Diamine Tetraacetate ) (. 02 N or . 01 M) Indicator solution 0. 05 gm (Solochromo black WDFA) Mixture of alcohol and tri-ethanol amine Calcium solution Take 1 gm CaCO3 and desiccate at 1650C Cover with clock glass and add water (50-100 ml) Add 20. 5 ml HCl Warm and next Cool Transfer to one litre volumetric flask Determination of total Hardness Total Hardness = (T? 1000)/V mg/L CaCO3 Where, V = Wt. f solution (50 -100) into conical surf T = Total amount of EDTA used to get reddish tinge disappear. weighting loss in Pre-treatment The weight of unscoured and scoured were taken separately at the same moisture content and then weight loos is measured in %. Weight loss = (Wt. of Unscoured fabric-Wt. of Scoured fabric )/(Wt. of Unscoured fabric) ? 100% Standard range of Weight loss = 4 8% Fabric and knit (Questions) Faults of woven and knit fabric. Different variables of woven fabric. BAN (Bariem activity number) Hardness measurement of H2O. Wt. loss in pre-treatment (Scouring, bleaching, desizing etc)