AIDS Article

The article is written by a gay man, who lost his first partner to AIDS and dedicated himself to spreading information about HIV prevention and campaigning for governmental attention to the problem in order to save ‘other gay and bisexual men from losing the ones they love’ (Williams, 2006, para. 6).Clark Williams also served as the interim executive director of the Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center at the moment of the article’s release and as a manager of county’s HIV prevention, counseling, and testing initiatves in 2001-2003.The article reports the LGBT community of Santa Clara County joining other concerned citizens at a meeting where the county’s Board of Supervisors Chair promised to attract additional financial resources to strengthen public health system in the face of accelerating rate of HIV transmission.The focus of the effort should be prevention and early diagnosis. The article recalls the start of HIV/AIDS epidemic that was first reg arded as a rare form of cancer endangering gay and bisexual male New Yorkers. In 2006, the number of Americans who died from AIDS reached 550,000 and continued to grow. Approximately 40,000 citizens are getting infected with HIV every year.Santa Clara County, for its part, has lost 2,000 residents to the disease. More than 2,500 were living with HIV/AIDS; this number might have been considerably higher because one in three citizens having HIV remains undiagnosed. 80 percent of new infections with the virus in Santa Clara County were among gay and bisexual males.Santa Clara County is reported as being ‘near the heart of our nation's HIV/AIDS epidemic’ (Williams, 2006, para. 5). Apart from focusing on the human tragedy of living with HIV diagnosis or loosing a friend, a family member, a colleague, or a neighbor to the disease, the article discusses the problem of HIV/AIDS through the prism of financial burden on the county’s social security system.Lifetime cost of HIV treatment is estimated to be as high as $155,000 per patient. These costs are much higher if the disease is not diagnosed at early stages, which is often the case in Santa Clara County, where patients learn about their HIV status in an emergency room.However, the author notes several positive developments in the field of public health, such as risk reduction counseling to people living with HIV/AIDS and public HIV test counseling locations. Santa Clara County is compared with San Francisco, where HIV test counseling facilities are abundant. In Santa Clara County, there is only one public testing facility, despite the fact that the number of LGBT is over 100,000 in the area.The Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center is deemed as the most appropriate place to establish another full-time test counseling facility, since it is known for its excellence in providing HIV prevention to at-risk population.One additional testing facility will not solve the problem in the county. It is not onl y LGBT population that is especially affected by the spread of HIV/AIDS. Other vulnerable groups include ethnic minorities, homeless and runaway youth, and drug addicts. Therefore, five part-time testing centers should be opened across Santa Clara County.One of the main strengths of the article is the fact that it is written from an insider’s perspective. Rapport between the author and readers is immediately established when Clark Williams shares his personal tragedy of loosing his loved once to AIDS.However, emotional pathos is not the main component of the writer’s credibility: Williams is a leader of Santa Clara County’s LGBT community, knowledgeable of the actual Status Quo with regard to HIV/AIDS prevention and counseling.

Psychological Manipulation and Physical Control in 1984 Essay

Through the years many governments have tried to control their people through many different ways. However, none of those civilizations came even close to the amount of control that the government displayed in George Orwell’s 1984 had over its’ people. The government of 1984 addressed the task of controlling the people through two main techniques. These two techniques the government used were psychological manipulation and physical control to rule over the people. The government (also known as Big Brother) bombards the people of the civilization with rules, regulations and other methodical methods that cause the people to be anti-individualistic. The people are so focused on fallowing the laws in order to prevent the harsh penalties for breaking the law. These penalties for breaking the law ranged anywhere from the death sentence to many different forms of psychological torture modus operandi. One crime that the people could commit was called a thought crime. A thought crime was any thought that was not in line with Big Brother’s ideology. Not only does this control the people directly through the people’s actual thoughts (psychological manipulation) but it also dictates them physically through how Big Brother determines if someone is committing the thought crime. Big Brother determines a thought crime through using cameras everywhere and they examine the reactions on the face of the people and what they say to find out how they feel about what Big Brother is doing. This physically controls the people because it makes them not display any opposition to the government. Another example that concerns to Big Brother controlling the people was by the way that Big Brother had children brought up. The government brought the children into the organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. Once the children were in this organization they were taught and trained to betray their parents by being additional eyes and ears for Big Brother. This form of control psychologically manipulates families not to talk about anything that would display individuality. In addition to the psychological manipulation, this form of government controls the people physically through the reformation of how families interact with each other. Yet another example of Big Brother controlling its’ people is by taking away the passion and the enjoyment out of the bedroom. In the society that Big Brother establishes sex as something that should only be used for the reproduction to keep the population up. Sex is supposed to not be enjoyed and only done by specified members of the inner party. Sex expresses individualism and free thought, so by psychologically manipulating the people to not like sex they are eliminating more individualism in their society. Big Brother also displays another example of controlling the people by instilling nationalism in them. Big Brother takes the problems in the society and uses them to say that other parties and cultures are the reasons for their faults. This creates hatred in the people and stirs up emotional responses against the other parties and cultures. The way that the government does this is very similar to the propaganda tactics used by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany and also by Joseph Stalin in Communist Russia. The nationalistic propaganda is how Big Brother psychologically manipulates the population of the civilization. One last example of Big Brother psychologically manipulating the people is observed through the posters that the government hangs up. All around the civilization you are able to find posters that say â€Å"Big Brother Is Watching You! † This is a scare tactic that the government uses. Big Brother uses fear by creating an environment in which the people are constantly reminded that that they are being watched for disloyalty to the almighty government. That is how Big Brother manages to use posters to psychologically manipulate the people. There are countless examples of how Big Brother dominates these people lives through the use of psychological manipulation and physical control. The government uses their totalitarian power to strictly enforce its’ ideological control over the people. The people are trapped in a government which is full of so much propaganda and other psychological/physically abusive tactics that the people have grown accustom to the society that Big Brother creates for them.

Quantitive Article Anaylsis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitive Article Anaylsis - Assignment Example The study aimed at finding out the effects of artefacts for teams that are working on innovation tasks. In this regard, the study focused on the creativity and collaboration applied in the development of innovative business models. To make the research more comprehensive, the following research questions were employed; The study ought to propose a model that would explain the impacts of artefacts on team processes in the creation of business model ideas. It further posits that the artefacts have positive impacts on team creativity and collaboration. To expound the above stated aspects, the study formulated the following hypotheses: Thirty managers from Switzerland acted as subjects in the study. They worked in groups of five individuals ((Eppler, Hofmann & Bresciani, 2011). All the groups were required to create an innovative model for the newspaper industry. The subjects had the same instruction and were assigned randomly to the managers. The subjects were given questionnaires to collect data from a given population, and write down their perceptions on collaboration and creativity within their team. The experiment had three conditions. The first one was a control condition in which subjects utilised PowerPoint slide to gather ideas. The second one was a treatment condition, which constituted of office supply objects that acted as stimuli. The third one was a treatment condition that had a business model template, which is essential in mapping the software environment (Frischer & Pigneur, 2012). The dependent variable of collaboration wa measured by telling the subjects to assess their perceived team collabora tion, through filling a questionnaire. Creativity was measured through the use of self – developed scale so as to evaluate perception of participants based on innovative research. The study analysed the data by comparing means of various groups. In addition, the study conducted an ‘analysis of variance (ANOVA)’ so as

Key Theories of How Strategy is Developed and Implemented and the Assignment

Key Theories of How Strategy is Developed and Implemented and the Relationship between Strategy, Innovation and Change - Assignment Example The researcher states that the development and successful implementation of effective business strategies are often regarded to be one of the most vital functions of organizational management as it supports them to accomplish the determined goals and obtained the desired outcomes. As stated by Johnson, different strategic levels can be witnessed as existing within a particular organization. For instance, corporate level, operational level, and business level can be identified as three broad categories which are often used in theoretical contexts to segregate strategic levels. The concept of corporate-level strategy has been viewed to be primarily concerned with determining the overall scope of a firm and evaluating its business as well as operational performances. Similarly, the business-level strategy signifies the competencies possessed by an organization and thus plays a vital role in assisting the business to defeat its major rivalries in its targeted business markets. Correspond ingly, the notion of operational-level strategy represents the efficiency of an organization to use its valuable operational resources quite effectively with the purpose of attaining the desired business targets in the most convenient way. As affirmed by Johnson, the conception of corporate strategy is typically described as a procedure that supports an organization’s growth in effectively combining the processes performed within the different functional areas of business through which the attainment of the expected business outcomes is likely to become easier. According to Capon, organizations can obtain numerous benefits by adopting as well as implementing effectual business strategies. The common benefits obtained through strategic effectiveness include sustainable growth opportunities through facilitated stakeholder relationship, better community involvement through enhanced communication, an augmented contribution from organizational members to upraise operational perfor mances and consequently, the successful accomplishment of superior competitive positioning.

Protection of Organizations Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Protection of Organizations Assets - Essay Example The first is the measurement of the actual risks to the organisation. The second part, based on the identified risks, is an audit. This is the measurement and identification of the steps that the organisation has or has not taken to meet and nullify the risks. There are however other issues that have to be considered throughout the discussion and this would be related to delineating the organisation's assets, specifying the security risks, understanding why there are security risks within an organizations and what are these risks and how these can be measured and identified. It is also necessary to understand how these security risks could be determined and what are the methods used for analysis and examination of these security risks. These are issues that have been elaborated on in this discussion and the methods for analysis of security risks are discussed in a step by step approach. This is dealt with in the methodology section and shows the various methods used for determining the risks of any business and especially the risks that have to do with security of an organization and in management and protection of assets within a business organisation or company. A literature review is drawn up here considering recent studies on risk assessment and perceived threats to a business organization. Several kinds of risks are highlighted and this would relate to security, management, information technology and privacy, operations and decision making. In a recent paper, Jones (2007) discusses the possibilities and needs of developing a framework for information security assessments in any organisation and a risk framework is essentially used to describe the components of security risk management within an organisation. The framework is also used to identify, assess and treat the risk exposure of an organisation and provides certain regulations that are used by board members, staff and management for improved communication and understanding. Risk management frameworks within an organisation provide the outline for implementation of security risk management and define the role of participants, employees and management within an organisation. The techniques supporting risk management in product development philosophy have been analyzed by Ahmed et al (2007) and a standard for product development in CE has been identified. The applicability of processes in risk management, risk identification, assessment as well as techniques for the context are considered within the risk management framework and the concept of managing risks has been gaining importance within global business focus and competition. A risk focused approach shows integration of several techniques with increased effectiveness of project management. Risk management tools are effectively used for the development of engineering and product development projects (Ahmed et al, 2007). The evaluations of risk related decisions could be driven by biases of risk propens ity and these could be categorized in terms of reference levels, assumption of accounting methods, bias or overconfidence, decision makers' perception, and desire for gratification. A study of biases can highlight decision making by executives using any representative and typical business decision. Decision makers usually face choice of several alternatives and Coleman (2007) studied decision making in several management executives and noted their attitudes and decision styles. Data were collected through electronic

Comparison contrast essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison contrast - Essay Example The reason for being athletes Athletic can broadly cover all the physical activities that individuals involveinactivities that help boost their physique. People have different motives for participating in sporting events. Allender advocates that frequency of a person in events associated with bodybuildingdetermines the potential to win. An individual requires much physical energy to enhance the capability to perform better. Despite the positive impacts on an individual’s life resulting from involvement in sports, there are differing elements constituting to why individuals continue participating in athletes. Some do it for pleasure while others have hopes of growing into world champions. Contrast between Andy and Darwin a) Strength The strength of an individual player is of prime concern for the ability to remain in the field. Athletes have differing potential due to their frequent partaking in sports. Andy is a tennis player while Darwin is a Cub’s baseball player. Des pite the fact that all are ball games, Mueller states thatessential strength to involve oneself in the game differs from person to person. Andy usesless strength thanDarwin doesdue to the movement one makes when in the field.Opinionatedly, all athletes need enough energy for undertaking their positions while in the field. b) Salary Salary is the primary motive for people’s engagement in sporting activities. Through competition, one once declared the champion obtains several medals for the team. The salary attached to various players is different in regard to the activities they carry out. For instance, the salary of Andy is different from Darwin’s salary. The reason for the difference is the incapacitation of the team’s treasury. Salary difference may also be due to one’s performance. Coaches are very crucial people in the team, as they are the regulators of activities performed. Coaches are capable of determining who is to do what coaches should ensure t hat all players have equal pay despite what the individual does for the team. Robert, Weinberg, and Daniel illustrate that a better salary system motivates individuals into participating in athletics. c) Human health Physical activities are significant for the health of certain individuals. For one, an individual not fond of sports may end up acquiring some illnesses, some of which are avoidable through chipping in in physical activities. Such diseases as obesity affect the health of an individual and leads to incurring costs for proper medication (Mueller). Andy due to lack of involvement in much movement in the field may develop chronic diseases than Darwin who has to move to the ball. It is worth necessitating individuals have the motive to participate in sports to impede suffering from diseases. Lessons learnt from distinguishing the athletes Through the comparison, it is vital to note that individuals gain important requisites for their bodies. First, it is true that individual s get to know the importance of athletics in their bodies. Allender indicates that athletics help individuals in their health, as it is through exposure to physical activities that one is in a way able to reverse contraction of diseases (specifically, obesity). Secondly, continued involvement in athletic actions keeps the body fit for other activities. One is able to move from a

Legal Responsibilities of a Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Responsibilities of a Nurse - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  nursing laws state that a nurse should act as an intermediary between the physician and the patient. Nurses have to carefully monitor the patient and report to the physician if any abnormality is observed. A nurse is legally responsible for interpreting the patient’s charts and files and thereby identifying what allergic reactions the patient may develop against different medications. Nurses are legally required to provide the patient with assistance in issues like hygiene if the patient needs it. Some patients may move out of the hospital environment and use infectious facilities during the course of treatment. Undoubtedly, this situation would adversely affect the patient’s disease recovery process. Hence, a nurse has the legal responsibility to pay proper attention to his/her patient and thereby avoid those adverse situations. In short, a nurse should avoid all acts that are likely to affect the patient safety or quality of the car e badly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This discussion highlights that  the major legal responsibility of a healthcare employer is that he should maintain a sound healthcare environment where patient safety is specifically met. Healthcare laws indicate that employers are legally required to employ sufficient number of staff that is essential to achieve patient safety and quality care.  An employer has the legal responsibility to ensure his employees’ safety and welfare.... In addition, the employer has to ensure that his staffs are provided with necessary medical equipments and other treatment facilities. Employers must provide their staff with a potential worksite environment where elements of stressors are minimal. An employer has the legal responsibility to ensure his employees’ safety and welfare. It is the legal responsibility of an employer to assess the risk factors existing in the workplace environment and do whatever is practicable to minimize the level of those risks. Hence, a healthcare employer should encourage his staff to report any issue or pitfall in the work environment that is likely to hurt patient safety or employee efficiency. In addition, the employer is legally responsible for paying immediate attention to issues that are likely to impact the quality of care. American Medical Association in its code of medical ethics has specified the fundamental elements of doctor-patient relationship and patient’s rights. Those ri ghts involve â€Å"the basic right to have adequate health care† and â€Å"the right to courtesy, respect, dignity, responsiveness, and timely attention to health needs† (Kwon, n.d). Hence, a medication error will certainly constitute violation of patients’ rights. In the view of Kitchener, â€Å"autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity† are the six fundamental ethical principles in the healthcare (as cited in Corey, Schneider & Callanan, 2010, p. 19). Hence, through the medication error, the nurse violated the principle of nonmaleficence, which states that ‘do no harm’ to clients intentionally or unintentionally. Even though the nurse violated the basic nursing principles and thereby patient rights were